Pile Foundation
What is Pile Foundation?
Pile foundation, a kind of deep foundation, is actually a slender column or long cylinder made of materials such as concrete or steel which are used to support the structure and transfer the load at desired depth either by end bearing or skin friction.Pile foundations are deep foundations. They are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber. A foundation is described as 'piled' when its depth is more than three times its breadth.
Pile foundations are usually used for large structures and in situations where the soil at shallow depth is not suitable to resist excessive settlement, resist uplift, etc.
When Need Pile Foundation?
Where the depth required for spread footing is not available, pile foundations are provided. That is, if the depth of the level with the required bearing capacity is greater or if there is too much slope of the surface, pile foundation is provided there. Pile foundations are safe for any type of structure in the case of compacted soils, waterlogged soils and filled soils.
Type of Pile
Pile mainly two type
- Precast Pile: In places like facilities away from the workplace The pile that is made by casting him Says the Pre-cast pile.
- Cast in-Situ Pile: Dig holes up to a certain depth Make piles that are molded in place Either call it a cast-in-Situ pile.
Types of Piles Based on Function or Use
- Bearing Pile
- Friction Pile
- Sheet Pile
- Anchor Pile
- Batter Pile
- Fender Pile
- Compaction Pile
Types of Piles Based on Materials and Construction Method
- Timber Pile
- Concrete Pile
- Composite Pile
- Steel Pile
- Sand Pile
Types of Piles and Their Structural Characteristics
Point Bearing Pile:
If soil-boring records establish the presence of bedrock or rocklike material at a site within a reasonable depth, piles can be extended to the rock surface. In this case, the ultimate capacity of the piles depends entirely on the load-bearing capacity of the underlying material; thus, the piles are called point bearing piles. In most of these cases, the necessary length of the pile can be fairly well established.
If soil-boring records establish the presence of bedrock or rocklike material at a site within a reasonable depth, piles can be extended to the rock surface. In this case, the ultimate capacity of the piles depends entirely on the load-bearing capacity of the underlying material; thus, the piles are called point bearing piles. In most of these cases, the necessary length of the pile can be fairly well established.
Friction Pile:
When no layer of rock or rocklike material is present at a reasonable depth at a site, point bearing piles become very long and uneconomical. In this type of subsoil, piles are driven through the softer material to specified depths. These piles are called friction piles, because most of their resistance is derived from skin friction. However, the term friction pile, although used often in the literature, is a misnomer: In clayey soils, the resistance to applied load is also caused by adhesion. The lengths of friction piles depend on the shear strength of the soil, the applied load, and the pile size. To determine the necessary lengths of these piles, an engineer needs a good understanding of soil–pile interaction, good judgment, and experience. Theoretical procedures for calculating the load-bearing capacity of piles are presented later in the chapter.
Steel piles generally are either pipe piles or rolled steel H-section piles. Pipe piles can be driven into the ground with their ends open or closed. Wide-flange and I-section steel beams can also be used as piles. However, H-section piles are usually preferred because their web and flange thicknesses are equal. (In wide-flange and I-section beams, the web thicknesses are smaller than the thicknesses of the flange.) selected pipe sections frequency used for piling purposes. In many cases, the pipe piles
are filled with concrete after they have been driven.
Compaction Pile:
Under certain circumstances, piles are driven in granular soils to achieve proper compaction of soil close to the ground surface. These piles are called compaction piles. The lengths of compaction piles depend on factors such as - (a) the relative density of the soil before compaction,
- (b) the desired relative density of the soil after compaction, and
- (c) the required depth of compaction.
These piles are generally short; however, some field tests are necessary to determine a reasonable length.
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